Process of manufacturing concrete slabs, beams, pipes, and other concrete articles.



P. B. JAGGER. PROCESS or MANUFACTURING GONGRETE SLABS, BEAMS, PIPES, AND OTHER GONGRETE ARTICLES. APPLICATION FILED PIX-3.20, 1907.

Patented Aug. 16,1910.

6 SHEETS-SHEB'I' 1.

Pic 1 ,z [LIL TL TIllDQI IL TDUUUL 11] P. B. JAGGER. PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING CONCRETE SLABS, BEAMS, PIPES, AND OTHER CONCRETE ARTICLES. APPLICATION FILED rmmo, 1907.

967,196. Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

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P.B.JIAGGER.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GONGEETE SLABS, BE

PIP ND OTHER GGNORETE ARTICLES.

APPLICATION FILED E .20, 1

967, 1 96. Patented Aug. 116, 1910.

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FIG 3 a c 2 2% [Tip mm SE @1112 3? w/mlzssss HVVENTOR W P. B. JAGGER. PROCESS OF MANUFAGTUBING DONOR-BT13 SLABS PIPES, AND OTHER CONCRETE ARTICLES. APPLIOATIOH TILED 11:13.20. 1907.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

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mur- PM By JAGGER. PROGESfi 01- MANUFACTURING- GONURETE SLABS, BEAMS, PIPES, AND OTHER GONGRETE ARTIGLES.

' APPLIGATION FILED FEB. 20. 1907.

Patented Aug. 16,1910

6 SHEETS- 81E321 5.

P.B.JAGGER; PROGEQQ 01: MANUPAGTURING GONGRBTE SLABS,

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 20, 1907.

98% 1 Patented Aug. 16, m0.

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BEAMS, 1?IPES,AI TD OTHER CONCRETE ARTIGLES.

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UNITED S A S P N OFFICE? 1mm, .Assmuon To run IMPROVED CONSTRUC- TION GOEPANY LIMITED, 03 LONDON, ENGLAND. n

PROCESS OF MANUFALGTURI NG- GONGRETE SLAIBS, BFiA MS, PIPES, AND OTHER CONCRETE ARTICLES.

crete Articles, and of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a new or improved process of and means for manubeams pipes, tiles, and other concrete articles which may either be reinforced or unreinforced as desired.

In the ramming, pressing or jiggling processes for the manufacture of concrete slabs, etc., hitherto commercially used or proposed, the great difliculties resented are the elimination of all air voi s and excess moisture, and the obtaining of perfect density and solidification with even distribution of the material. Moreover for economical construction the greater the displacement of the mortar body by the use of the larger aggregates the better, but there is limitation to this in the manufacture of concrete by hydraulic or other pressure machinery or by hand ramming, as it is impossible to compress with any economy unles the aggregates are of a small uniform size.

With the process according to my invention not only can all sizes of aggregates required for economy he used, but a steady settling solidification of the even distribution of the aggregate is effected over all the surface of the table simultaneously, and all air voids and excess moisture are eliminated, and perfect densit and solidificationobtained, the result belng an article of great strength and durability.

According to my process, the plastic concrete while in the mold is subjected toboth a substantially horizontal reciprocating motion and a suddenly arrested rocking motion in a vertical planethe direction of which is at right angles to the direction of said reciprocating motion.

The following is an example of a block actually made by my process, one part of Portland cement was taken and seven arts of sand and uneven broken stone, the in sizes from a small shot to pieces passing Specification of letters int nt. Application fled February 20, .1907. Serial No. 858,418.

.lines X X and Y material with.

atter Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

through a 2% ring the whole mixed by machine and suflicient water added to make it of the consistency of moist sugar, then deposited in the molds on the table hereinafter described) and the table Worked for a period of about twenty minutes, which produced a block having maximum density, compressive and tensile strength. The time necessary for the operation may be varied considerably according to the article to be produced but the successful working of the process will offer no difficulty to those skilled in the manufacture of such articles.

For carrying out the process I will describe with the aid of the accompanying drawings a construction of machine which I have found to work Well.

Of the drawings, Figures 1-l Sheet 1 is a part side and part sectional elevation of the machine; Fig. 2 is an end view thereof; Figs. 3-3* is a plan view of the machine with some of the mold boxes removed for disclosing the elevating tables, some of the latter being also removed for disclosing the guides therefor; Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the machine; Fig. 5, is a front View of an elastic eccentric rod head which I prefer to employ; Figs. 6 and 7 being sectional viewsof such elastic head taken respectively upon the Y Fig. 5; Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively front and side elevations of one of a pair of forked levers heqeinafter referred to, while Fig. 10 is a detail view also to be hereinafter referred to, and Fig. 11 is a detail .view of the guides for the table.

Referring to Figs. 1%, a designates a supporting frame preferably composed of a number of uprights and cross members. Between channel irons b c fixed to the central uprights and running transverse of the frame are fulcrumed at their lower ends a pair of levers d e, which as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, are forked at their upper ends f. The ends f are provided with caps g and are bored to receive trunnions on blocks 16 which are bored to receive and su port a shaft j. Upon the shaft j is centra ly supported a mold, table or platform 1 by means of bearings h secured to the depending sides k of the platform, table or mold. The levers cl, e, are so located that the blocks 16 may bear on their outer faces against the bear- ..horizontal reciprocating motion while the table may be rocked about the shaft 7', that .is to say, in a vertical plane the direction of which is at right angles to the direction of the said reciprocating motion.

In order to provide means for rocking the levers d, e, and rocking the table Z about the shaft j lengthwise and preferably centrally of the frame a'is journaled a shaft m suitably arranged to be driven from any available source ofpower. Upon the shaft are fixed at each end thereof eccentrics n and o. The eccentric n is connected to one of the forked levers (e) and the eccentric 0 is connected to one end of the table Z for the purpose when the shaft m is rotated of simultaneously imparting a lateral reciprocating movement and a rocking motion to the table Z.

The connection of either or both of the eccentrics n and o to the lever (e) and the table Z may and preferably is arranged an elastic one. As shown in Figs. 5, .6, and 7 and more particularly for the connection of the eccentric 0 to'one end of the table I, I provide the eccentric rod p with a slotted head q, and in sliding engagement with such head is arranged a bush 1" to which the table may be suitably attached. This bush 7' is normally held in position by springs s s, which at their one or inner ends bear against the bush and at their other or outer /ends bear against plates t It also arranged in sliding engagement with the head g, so that by means of inclined cotter pins or wedges u u they may be adjusted in position for varying the force of the springss 8, holes '0 '20 being formed in the wedges u u and plates t t for receiving pins or the like for retaining the wedges when driven to the required position.

For the. elastic connection'of the eccentric -n with the lever e, I have found it convenient as shown in Fig. 4 to pass the head of the eccentric rod m through the lever and interpose springs 3 3 between the latter and adjusting screw nuts 2 2, although if desired the form of elastic head described with reference to Figs. 5-7 may in this case also bev shown at the right hand side of Fig. 1 are arranged a number of preferably wooden concussion blocks 1, uponwhich the table strikes as it is rocked, z. e., a vertical blow is given to each end of the table alternately.

For preventing any straining action upon the horizontal rod :0, I refer to set the eccentrics n and 0 upon t e shaft m so that the eccentric n will be crossing point of no travel when the table strikes against the 'blocks 1.

In .addition to the vertical blows, side blows may also be imparted to the table Z. To effect this the table may be arranged to strike laterally against adjustable spring controlled rods or bolts 1" carried by the supporting frame substantially as shown in Fig. 10. C

To avoid any swiveling action of the table this may be provided, as shown in Fig. 1, with a number of guide plates or the like 2 working in guides 3 fixed to the supporting frame.

In operation,-the molds suitable for the articles to be produced having been positioned upon the -table 1 and filled with the plastic concrete material, rotary motion is imparted to the shaft m. This by means of the eccentrics n and o imparts an oscillatory movement both to the lever e or levers d e and the table Z about their turning points. The table I is thereby simultaneously laterally reciprocated and rocked lengthwise of the machine, and a vertical blow is given alternately at each end of the table by the alternate contact of said ends against the blocks 1. The shock 'thus imparted at each end of the table gives the desired vibration through the machine, and

in conjunction with the rockin and lateral reciprocating motion, and may e side blows also, keeps the longitudinal movement of the material steady.

By my invention therefore I am able to effect a steady settling solidification of the material over all the surface of the table, and not only are all air voids and excess moisture eliminated and Stratification obviated, but by the automatic adjustment of every particle of the material in its precise position, a maximum density of the material throughout is produced, without any pressure whatsoever, while moreover a reat saving is attained in the time require for the articles to thoroughly set ready for use.

It may here be observed that the provision of the elastic head to the eccentric rod or rods prevents or considerably reduces any straining action upon the driving gear and allows the table to overrun and thus throw as much vibration to the center of the table as there is at the endsthereof.

As shown in the example of the machine illustrated, elevating gear may be provided beneath the supporting frame for lifting the concrete articles (where the shape of these permit) out of the mold boxes.

A suitable arrangement of such gear consists of plates t carried by rods 5 which work in brackets 6 connected to the frame a. The rods 5 are each provided with a rack 7 which is adapted to be operated by a pinion I 8 fixed upon a spindle 9 and adapted to be rotated by a handle 10 (Fig. .2). I

The plates ,4 have a number of upwardly extending fingers 11 adapted when the rods 5 are raised to pass through the bottom of the table Z and the mold boxes 12 (in this case provided with removable platesl3 as false bottoms), and raise the plates 13 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, so that for example a traveling trolley can be run over the table to pick up the plates with the formed articles thereon, locking means such as ratchet wheels 14 and pawls 15 being provided to keep'the rods 5 raised as lon as required.

As a modification the ta le may bearranged at the ground level, so that a trolleyor traveling support carrying the mold'box or boxes may be run thereon, and such trolley or the like may be held on the table so that it has no movement independent of the latter, or it may be allowed acertain freedom to move backward and forward u on the table as this is operated as hereinbe ore described.

I wish it understood I define the term con- I crete articles as those in which separate particles are formed into a mass or solid body.

Having now described my invention what- I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1.. A process for manufacturing concrete articles consisting in subjecting the lastic concrete while in the mold to both a su stantially horizontal reciprocating motion and a suddenly arrested rocking motion in a vertical plane, the direction of which is at right angles to the direction of said reciprocating motion.

2. A processfor manufacturing concrete articles consisting in subjecting the plastic concrete while in the mold to both a substan tiall horizontal reciprocating motion and a sudd nly arrested rocking motion in a vertical plane, the direction of which is at right angles to the direction of said reciprocating motion while atthe same time the mold or table is subjected to horizontal blows.

3. A process for manufacturing concrete articles consisting in subjectin the plastic concrete while in the mold simu taneously to a rocking ciprocating movement, the direction of w ich is transverse of the plane of'said rocking movement, while at the same time the mold or table is subjected to blows.

4. A process for manufacturin concrete articles consisting in subjectin t e plastic concrete while in the mold simu taneously to a rocking movement, a horizontal reciprocating movement, the direction of which is transverse of the plane of said rockin movement, while at the same time the molt or table is subjected to vertical and horizontal blows.

5. A process for manufacturin concrete articles consisting in subjectin t e plastic concrete while inthe mold simu taneously to a suddenly arrested rocking motion about a central axis and a substantially horizontal reciprocating motion the direction of which is parallel to said axis.

6. A process for manufacturing concrete articles consisting in subjectin the plastic concrete while in the mold simu taneously to a suddenly arrested rocking motion about a central axis and a substantially horizontal reciprocating motion the direction of which movement and to a horizontal re is parallel to said axis while at the same time the mold or table is subjected to horizontal blows.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

PETER BURD JAGGER.

Witnesses I HENRY CONRAD HEIDE,

H. D. JAMESON. 

